Evropa

Jihovýchodní Evropa I: Chorvatsko, Slovinsko a úvod do Balkánu

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Úvod do balkánského regionu, ekonomická data zemí a první skupina balkánských států — Bulharsko, Srbsko, Rumunsko a Chorvatsko.

Jihovýchodní Evropa I: Chorvatsko, Slovinsko a úvod do Balkánu

13)Jihovýchodní Evropa

JV Evropa = přibližně Balkán (bez Řecka a kousku Turecka). Balkánský poloostrov je 3. největší v Evropě (1.Skandinávský, 2.Pyrenejský, 4.Apeninský). Všechny státy JV Evropy byly po 2SV komunistické, Jugoslávie a Albánie však nepatřily do sovětské sféry vlivu. Všechny tyto státy jsou výrazně chudší než Česká republika, přičemž Moldavsko je nejchudší zemí Evropy. Nejbohatší zemí JV Evropy je Chorvatsko. Členy EU jsou Rumunsko, Bulharsko a Chorvatsko (od roku 2013).

Nejchudší země Evropy v roce 2011 (CIA 2012, HDP na hlavu v USD)

# Hodnota 1
1.Moldavsko 3400
2.Kosovo 6500
3.Ukrajina 7300
4.Albánie 7800
5.Bosna a Hercegovina 8200
6.Makedonie 10500
7.Srbsko 10800
8.Černá Hora 11700
9.Rumunsko 12600
10.Bulharsko 13800

…

Chorvatsko 18400

Česká republika 27400

Z první desítky nejchudších zemí v Evropě je jich 9 z JV Evropy! Jedinou výjimkou je Ukrajina.

Evropské země se záporným přirozeným přírůstkem v roce 2012 (World Population Data Sheet 2012)

První číslo je přirozený přírůstek v %, druhé číslo je úhrnná plodnost – počet dětí na jednu ženu (pro prostou přirozenou obnovu populace je třeba, aby toto číslo bylo alespoň 2.1, tento údaj je převzat ze CIA 2012).

Pořadí / Název Hodnota 1 Hodnota 2
Lotyšsko -0.5% 1.33
Bulharsko -0.5% 1.43
Srbsko -0.5% 1.40
Maďarsko -0.4% 1.41
Rumunsko -0.4% 1.30
Ukrajina -0.4% 1.29
Bělorusko -0.3% 1.27
Litva -0.2% 1.27
Chorvatsko -0.2% 1.44
Německo -0.2% 1.41
Rusko -0.1% 1.43
Bosna a Hercegovina -0.1% 1.28
Itálie -0.1% 1.40
Portugalsko -0.1% 1.51

…

Česká republika 0.0% 1.27

Jak vidno z tabulky, vymírají především postkomunistické země jihovýchodní a východní Evropy. Celkový úbytek obyvatelstva pak v mnoha těchto zemích ještě posiluje záporné migrační saldo. Vzhledem k úhrnné plodnosti v těchto zemích se jedná o skutečnou demografickou katastrofu. Bohatší země (Německo, Česká republika) tuto populační ztrátu částečně nebo úplně kompenzují imigrací.

A)Státy bývalé Jugoslávie

„Velká Jugoslávie“ existovala v letech 1918-1991 (s výjimkou 2SV). Po 2SV byla Jugoslávie komunistickou zemí, která však nebyla pod vlivem SSSR a spolupracovala se Západem. V čele státu stál až do roku 1980 Josip Broz Tito. Jugoslávie byla po 2SV federací 6 republik, z nichž je dnes 6 samostatných států + přibylo ještě Kosovo (to mělo autonomii v rámci Srbska). Rozpad Jugoslávie započal roku 1991, kdy Chorvatsko a Slovinsko vyhlásily nezávislost. Stát s názvem „Jugoslávie“ („Malá Jugoslávie“) existoval až do roku 2003, kdy byl přejmenován na Srbsko a Černá Hora, tento stát se definitivně rozpadl v roce 2006, kdy Černá Hora vyhlásila nezávislost.

Státy bývalé Jugoslávie: Slovinsko (viz střední Evropa), Chorvatsko, Srbsko, Bosna a Hercegovina, Černá Hora, Kosovo, Makedonie.

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